Chapter #34: IDENTIFICATIONS
Nuremburg Trials
Postwar trials against the Axis powers for their inhuman conduct and atrocities committed during the war
Cordell Hull
FDR's secretary of State and responsible for foreign negotiations and relations, he made the reciprocal trade Agreements act which assured equal tariff rates among the participating countries increasing foreign trade
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister who met with FDR during the Atlantic Conference and together created the 8-point Atlantic Charter which planned for post-war peace and democracy
Charles Lindbergh
Colonel and famed aviator who crossed the Atlantic and created the America First Congress who opposed entry into the war
Good Neighbor Policy
A political foreign policy that promoted good relations with the Latin American Countries in an attempt to bolster foreign trade and increased allies
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
Created by Cordell Hull, a pact signed by 22 countries where export trade and tariffs would be lowered rates if the other countries complied
Rome-Berlin Axis
The alliance between Italy and Benito with Austria-Germany and Hitler
Nye Committee
Headed by Gerald Nye, investigated the workings of the munitions manufacturers due to popular sensationalism
Neutrality Acts
Acts that placed certain restrictions in the existence of a foreign war to safehold American Isolationism
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
Made between Stalin and Hitler that gave free reign to Germany to take over its neighbors without fear of attack by Russia
"cash and carry"
Placed by the new Neutrality Act of 1939 which replaced the old ones by allowing selling of American munitions on the basis the buyers come with cash and take the supply themselves
America First Committee
Led By Charles A. Lindbergh that promoted defensive fortification of America and Isolationism instead of interventionism
Lend-Lease Act
Sent munitions and supply overseas to the Allies and became arsenal of democracy instead of soldier of democracy, kept war in Atlantic
Atlantic Charter
Spawned by Churchill and Roosevelt during the secret Atlantic Conference with 8 points stipulating what to do post-war for a better world and peace
Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions
The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
By not helping to stabilize the economy, the world plunged deeper into financial crisis which promoted strong nationalism and dictators that could coerce the populace.
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
The Americans already promised freedom to the philipines previously and so issued the Tydings-McDuffie Act which provided independence. The main reason they were freed was economic responsibility was too much for such a far away country and the Asian threat was a hassle.
Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
Yes due to a need for economic recovery through foreign trade and allies due to European Dictators. The American troops in Latin America were withdrawn and many concessions were made to the countries.
Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
4. Were reciprocal trade agreements a good idea? Explain.
The trade agreements were a great idea because they sidestepped the arduous legal processes for lowering tariffs by congress which increased speed. It also increased trade due better economic and political relations.
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
5. What were the reasons for American isolationism?
The reasons for Isolationism was due to disillusioned belief of safety from dictators and the massive debt and memories of WWI. The Americans wanted the tragedy and death to stay on the other side of the ocean.
Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
6. How did the Neutrality Acts attempt to keep the U.S. out of war?
The Neutrality Acts attempted to keep the US out of the war by preventing any contact or trade with belligerents. Kept all American property and citizens away from foreign wars.
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
7. How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII?
The Spanish Civil War contributed to WWII by defeating democracy in a country and showing Dictators free reign to do what they please.
Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, Appeasement
8. What actions were taken by fascist governments that showed that they were a threat?
The Fascist governments flouted the rules set by the League of Nations and committed horrible atrocities such as mass concentration of Jews. They also took over countries without warning such as Ethiopia and Czechoslovakia.
Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
9. How did the United States respond to the start of WWII in Europe?
Roosevelt proclaimed the standard routine of Neutrality acts and etc. However, they were amended to allow Allied nations to buy from the US on the condition no American suppliers be used.
The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
10. What further steps did the United States take after the fall of France?
The US primed and mobilized its economy and military with a large budgets and greater military forces of navy and airforce. Conscription was enacted and millions of troops were drafted. The US extended the responsibility of the Monroe Doctrine to the Latin Countries for extra defense.
Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
11. Why did America not make more room for European Jews in the 1930's?
Americans still had the restrictive Immigration laws and feared an onrush of immigrants that would flood the cities and jobs. Anti-semitism was also prevalent in America during and before the war.
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
12. Describe the conflict between interventionists and isolationists in America in 1940.
The conflict of interventionist and isolationists was whether to help European Countries or steel America from a European invasion with fortification. The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies fought the America First Committee. Eventually the Destroyer deal was made.
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
13. Interpret the results of the 1940 election.
The people although hesitant for a dictatorial-like presidency wanted a experienced and dependable present to lead them through the war instead of a inexperienced newbie. The large amounts of immigrants and minorities also started voting for the democrats.
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
14. What was so controversial about Lend-Lease?
It was debated for being a blank-check bill and pledged America's entire resources to the war. It abandoned all pretence of neutrality and isolationism and was recognized as a act of war by Hitler who started attacking American ships.
Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
15. What was the reaction in America to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union?
The Americans send speedy aid to the USSR which was essential to the war effort against Hitler with over 12$ billion given to the USSR.
U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
The implementation caused U-Boats to start attacking American ships which was a act of war and the US had to retaliate.
America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
17. Was United States entry into WWII sudden or gradual? Explain.
America's entry was gradual through indirect help and support to the Allies with gradual fortification and preparation to a mass entry into the war because of the bombing by the Japnese.
Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph
Black Leader and head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who threatened the government for equality which caused a FDR response to rid discrimination
George S. Patton
General "Blood 'n' Guts" who commanded the American armored divisions and liberated France
Albert Einstein
An German-born scientist, headed the Manhattan Project and created the atomic bomb
Office of Price Administration
Controlled the prices inflating by the new production and demand through extensive regulations and rationing
Fair Employment Practice Commission
FDR established this to monitor compliance with no discrimination to races (blacks) in the defense industries
D-Day
On the coasts of Normandy, American invasion of european coast, many casualties and stiff resistance, eventually triumphed and secured the landing spots
V-E Day
Victory in Europe day, May 8, 1945
Manhattan Project
Research project headed by German Albert Einstein leading up to the creation of the Atomic Bomb and Atomic Age, used against Japan
Braceros
Mexcians brought over to harvest the American crops while the soldiers were off to war, outlived the war for 20 years and became a part of many agricultural programs
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
America had to supply all the munitions and supplies for the war while also needing to completely mobilize itself due to greater role and potential in the war.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
All Americans were united against the Axis powers and for the war. However rights and ideals were discarded for the war effort and absolute loyalty to America with all suspected dangers hidden away and sent away. Most Americans fought to rid the war.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
The war stimulated and increased production manifold with massive demand increasing amount of jobs and products needed. Manufacturing improved to the extent of better than pre-war industry, agriculture produced record high amounts , labor however was restricted due to war conditions.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reason's for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble?
Their racial success and dedication led to racism and bigotism. Jealousy led to hate and many anti-Japanese acts were created.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Women were allowed to enter the military although noncombat as well as allowed many to work in the factories but also started the baby boomers.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
The minorites gained significant progress in their civil right's movement such as the creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission and NAACP membership increase. Blacks became increasingly urband and more Native Americans joined civilization and the army.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
The war invigorated the economy, ridded unemployment and the depression, as well as rising profit, prices, and pay. Labor benefited vastly to unions and education/research was increased enormously. The debt skyrocketed however but it was never paid in the end.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
Following Pear Harbor, the Japanese successfully conquered many American Outposts and eventually many parts of British colonies in China. They even defeated Douglas MacArthur at Manila who vowed to return.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
Midway was the turning point in the Pacific War in American favor due to Japan's fleet being crippled by the battle and changing the war into an offensive war with many victories for the Americans.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
The US used island hopping to skip heavily fortified islands and capturing poorly defended areas for airstrips to bomb the rest of the islands. This would also cut off the Japanese Supply Chain and starve out the Japanese.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
Hitler had extremely efficient divisions such as the "wolf packs" that were devastating to the Allies. However, the allies developed countermeasures and strategies to fight back against German tactics eventually leading to a upper hand. Many Military victories made by the Allies allowed many pivotal pushes.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
The invasion of North Africa was a second front of the war which the soviets were demanding and proved to be successful by defeating all traces of Axis powers by the skillful leadership of Eisenhower. This also allowed a new direction of approach and some control of the mediterranean.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
1944 was the turning point of the war because American's landed in Europe and entered the European war. They successfully secured a landing location for further reinforcements.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
The VP was important because there needed to be a good VP to be with FDR and difficult due to conflicted interests.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
Dewey was defeated due to support from groups such as CIO and FDR's experience and achievements during the war and pre-war.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
Germany was barely surviving the onslaught and pushed back from both sides with Hitler's last effort the Battle of the Bulge a failure. Eventually they discovered the atrocities Germany committed.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
Japan was stubborn in its defeat and surrender and fought to the last man with resistance in the form of kamikazes and stubborn dug-ins in the islands.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
The military impact was a new dawn of weapons technology and a new age. The bomb was the first mass destructive bomb ever seen in the world and frightened everyone.
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
This war had the US in a prominent role and with the greatest strength. It mobilized and revitalized America's economy and technology. The great depression was over and America took the lead in reconstruction. America had the greatest Allied force and most preparedness with extremely talented generals.
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
Was the bombing of the Japanese justified and necessary? Could the bombing have been avoided? Should intimidating the Soviets been done?
Nuremburg Trials
Postwar trials against the Axis powers for their inhuman conduct and atrocities committed during the war
Cordell Hull
FDR's secretary of State and responsible for foreign negotiations and relations, he made the reciprocal trade Agreements act which assured equal tariff rates among the participating countries increasing foreign trade
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister who met with FDR during the Atlantic Conference and together created the 8-point Atlantic Charter which planned for post-war peace and democracy
Charles Lindbergh
Colonel and famed aviator who crossed the Atlantic and created the America First Congress who opposed entry into the war
Good Neighbor Policy
A political foreign policy that promoted good relations with the Latin American Countries in an attempt to bolster foreign trade and increased allies
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
Created by Cordell Hull, a pact signed by 22 countries where export trade and tariffs would be lowered rates if the other countries complied
Rome-Berlin Axis
The alliance between Italy and Benito with Austria-Germany and Hitler
Nye Committee
Headed by Gerald Nye, investigated the workings of the munitions manufacturers due to popular sensationalism
Neutrality Acts
Acts that placed certain restrictions in the existence of a foreign war to safehold American Isolationism
Russo-German Nonaggression Pact
Made between Stalin and Hitler that gave free reign to Germany to take over its neighbors without fear of attack by Russia
"cash and carry"
Placed by the new Neutrality Act of 1939 which replaced the old ones by allowing selling of American munitions on the basis the buyers come with cash and take the supply themselves
America First Committee
Led By Charles A. Lindbergh that promoted defensive fortification of America and Isolationism instead of interventionism
Lend-Lease Act
Sent munitions and supply overseas to the Allies and became arsenal of democracy instead of soldier of democracy, kept war in Atlantic
Atlantic Charter
Spawned by Churchill and Roosevelt during the secret Atlantic Conference with 8 points stipulating what to do post-war for a better world and peace
Chapter #34 Guided Reading Questions
The London Conference
Know: London Economic Conference
1. What were the results of Roosevelt's decision not to help stabilize currencies?
By not helping to stabilize the economy, the world plunged deeper into financial crisis which promoted strong nationalism and dictators that could coerce the populace.
Freedom for (from?) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Know: Tydings-McDuffie Act
2. What was the reason for America's decision to free the Philippines?
The Americans already promised freedom to the philipines previously and so issued the Tydings-McDuffie Act which provided independence. The main reason they were freed was economic responsibility was too much for such a far away country and the Asian threat was a hassle.
Becoming a Good Neighbor
Know: Good Neighbor Policy
3. Was the United States serious about the Good Neighbor policy? Explain.
Yes due to a need for economic recovery through foreign trade and allies due to European Dictators. The American troops in Latin America were withdrawn and many concessions were made to the countries.
Secretary Hull's Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Know: Cordell Hull, Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
4. Were reciprocal trade agreements a good idea? Explain.
The trade agreements were a great idea because they sidestepped the arduous legal processes for lowering tariffs by congress which increased speed. It also increased trade due better economic and political relations.
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Know: Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Fascism
5. What were the reasons for American isolationism?
The reasons for Isolationism was due to disillusioned belief of safety from dictators and the massive debt and memories of WWI. The Americans wanted the tragedy and death to stay on the other side of the ocean.
Congress Legislates Neutrality
Know: Gerald Nye, Neutrality Acts
6. How did the Neutrality Acts attempt to keep the U.S. out of war?
The Neutrality Acts attempted to keep the US out of the war by preventing any contact or trade with belligerents. Kept all American property and citizens away from foreign wars.
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Know: Francisco Franco, Spanish Civil War
7. How did the Spanish Civil War contribute to WWII?
The Spanish Civil War contributed to WWII by defeating democracy in a country and showing Dictators free reign to do what they please.
Appeasing Japan and Germany
Know: Quarantine Speech, Panay, Rhineland, Sudentenland, Munich Conference, Appeasement
8. What actions were taken by fascist governments that showed that they were a threat?
The Fascist governments flouted the rules set by the League of Nations and committed horrible atrocities such as mass concentration of Jews. They also took over countries without warning such as Ethiopia and Czechoslovakia.
Hitler's Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Know: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, Cash and Carry
9. How did the United States respond to the start of WWII in Europe?
Roosevelt proclaimed the standard routine of Neutrality acts and etc. However, they were amended to allow Allied nations to buy from the US on the condition no American suppliers be used.
The Fall of France
Know: Phony War, Blitzkrieg, Winston Churchill
10. What further steps did the United States take after the fall of France?
The US primed and mobilized its economy and military with a large budgets and greater military forces of navy and airforce. Conscription was enacted and millions of troops were drafted. The US extended the responsibility of the Monroe Doctrine to the Latin Countries for extra defense.
Makers of America: Refugees from the Holocaust
Know: Anti-Semitism, Albert Einstein, American Jewish Committee, Father Coughlin, American Jewish Congress
11. Why did America not make more room for European Jews in the 1930's?
Americans still had the restrictive Immigration laws and feared an onrush of immigrants that would flood the cities and jobs. Anti-semitism was also prevalent in America during and before the war.
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Know: Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, Fortress America, America First, Charles Lindbergh, Destroyer Deal
12. Describe the conflict between interventionists and isolationists in America in 1940.
The conflict of interventionist and isolationists was whether to help European Countries or steel America from a European invasion with fortification. The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies fought the America First Committee. Eventually the Destroyer deal was made.
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition (1940)
Know: Wendell Wilke
13. Interpret the results of the 1940 election.
The people although hesitant for a dictatorial-like presidency wanted a experienced and dependable present to lead them through the war instead of a inexperienced newbie. The large amounts of immigrants and minorities also started voting for the democrats.
Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law
Know: Lend-Lease
14. What was so controversial about Lend-Lease?
It was debated for being a blank-check bill and pledged America's entire resources to the war. It abandoned all pretence of neutrality and isolationism and was recognized as a act of war by Hitler who started attacking American ships.
Hitler's Assault on the Soviet Union Spawns the Atlantic Charter
Know: Atlantic Charter
15. What was the reaction in America to the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union?
The Americans send speedy aid to the USSR which was essential to the war effort against Hitler with over 12$ billion given to the USSR.
U.S. Destroyers and Hitler's U-Boats Clash
16. How did America's implementation of the Lend-Lease policy bring us closer to war?
The implementation caused U-Boats to start attacking American ships which was a act of war and the US had to retaliate.
America's Transformation from Bystander to Belligerent
17. Was United States entry into WWII sudden or gradual? Explain.
America's entry was gradual through indirect help and support to the Allies with gradual fortification and preparation to a mass entry into the war because of the bombing by the Japnese.
Chapter #35: IDENTIFICATIONS
A. Philip Randolph
Black Leader and head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters who threatened the government for equality which caused a FDR response to rid discrimination
George S. Patton
General "Blood 'n' Guts" who commanded the American armored divisions and liberated France
Albert Einstein
An German-born scientist, headed the Manhattan Project and created the atomic bomb
Office of Price Administration
Controlled the prices inflating by the new production and demand through extensive regulations and rationing
Fair Employment Practice Commission
FDR established this to monitor compliance with no discrimination to races (blacks) in the defense industries
D-Day
On the coasts of Normandy, American invasion of european coast, many casualties and stiff resistance, eventually triumphed and secured the landing spots
V-E Day
Victory in Europe day, May 8, 1945
Manhattan Project
Research project headed by German Albert Einstein leading up to the creation of the Atomic Bomb and Atomic Age, used against Japan
Braceros
Mexcians brought over to harvest the American crops while the soldiers were off to war, outlived the war for 20 years and became a part of many agricultural programs
Chapter #35: Guided Reading Questions
The Allies Trade Space for Time
Know: Germany First
1. "America's task was far more complex and back-breaking [in World War II] than in World War I." Explain.
America had to supply all the munitions and supplies for the war while also needing to completely mobilize itself due to greater role and potential in the war.
The Shock of War
Know: Axis Powers, Internment Camps, Korematsu v. U.S.
2. How did the war affect liberal ideals and goals at home?
All Americans were united against the Axis powers and for the war. However rights and ideals were discarded for the war effort and absolute loyalty to America with all suspected dangers hidden away and sent away. Most Americans fought to rid the war.
Building the War Machine
Know: War Production Board, War Labor Board
3. What effects did the war have on manufacturing, agriculture and labor?
The war stimulated and increased production manifold with massive demand increasing amount of jobs and products needed. Manufacturing improved to the extent of better than pre-war industry, agriculture produced record high amounts , labor however was restricted due to war conditions.
Makers of America: The Japanese
Know: Matthew Perry, Meiji Government, Picture Brides, Gentleman's Agreement, Issei, Nissei
4. In what way can it be said that the reason's for Japanese immigrants' success also caused them trouble?
Their racial success and dedication led to racism and bigotism. Jealousy led to hate and many anti-Japanese acts were created.
Manpower and Womanpower
Know: WAACS, WAVES, SPARS, GI, Braceros, Rosie the Riveter
5. What opportunities were opened to women as a result of the war?
Women were allowed to enter the military although noncombat as well as allowed many to work in the factories but also started the baby boomers.
Wartime Migrations
Know: A. Philip Randolph, Fair Employment Practices Commission, Double V, CORE, Code Talkers, Zoot Suit Riots
6. What effect did the war have on the nation's minorities?
The minorites gained significant progress in their civil right's movement such as the creation of the Fair Employment Practices Commission and NAACP membership increase. Blacks became increasingly urband and more Native Americans joined civilization and the army.
Holding the Homefront
7. What economic effects resulted from American participation in the war?
The war invigorated the economy, ridded unemployment and the depression, as well as rising profit, prices, and pay. Labor benefited vastly to unions and education/research was increased enormously. The debt skyrocketed however but it was never paid in the end.
The Rising Sun in the Pacific
Know: Douglas MacArthur, Bataan Death March
8. Describe Japanese victories in the Pacific in the months following Pearl Harbor.
Following Pear Harbor, the Japanese successfully conquered many American Outposts and eventually many parts of British colonies in China. They even defeated Douglas MacArthur at Manila who vowed to return.
Japan's High Tide at Midway
Know: Battle of the Coral Sea, Midway, Chester Nimitz
9. Why was Midway an important battle?
Midway was the turning point in the Pacific War in American favor due to Japan's fleet being crippled by the battle and changing the war into an offensive war with many victories for the Americans.
American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo
Know: Guadalcanal, Island Hopping, Guam
10. What strategy did the United States use to defeat the Japanese?
The US used island hopping to skip heavily fortified islands and capturing poorly defended areas for airstrips to bomb the rest of the islands. This would also cut off the Japanese Supply Chain and starve out the Japanese.
The Allied Halting of Hitler
Know: Wolf Packs, Enigma, Erwin Rommel, Bernard Montgomery, El Alamein, Battle of Stalingrad
11. "The war against Hitler looked much better at the end of 1942 than it had in the beginning." Explain.
Hitler had extremely efficient divisions such as the "wolf packs" that were devastating to the Allies. However, the allies developed countermeasures and strategies to fight back against German tactics eventually leading to a upper hand. Many Military victories made by the Allies allowed many pivotal pushes.
A Second Front from North Africa to Rome
Know: Soft Underbelly of Europe, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Casablanca, Sicily
12. Describe the purpose and outcome of the Invasion of North Africa.
The invasion of North Africa was a second front of the war which the soviets were demanding and proved to be successful by defeating all traces of Axis powers by the skillful leadership of Eisenhower. This also allowed a new direction of approach and some control of the mediterranean.
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Know: Teheran, D-Day, Normandy, George Patton
13. Why could June 6, 1944 be considered THE turning point of the war?
1944 was the turning point of the war because American's landed in Europe and entered the European war. They successfully secured a landing location for further reinforcements.
FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944
Know: Thomas Dewey, Henry Wallace, Harry S Truman
14. Why was the choice of a vice-presidential candidate important and difficult for the democrats in 1944?
The VP was important because there needed to be a good VP to be with FDR and difficult due to conflicted interests.
Roosevelt Defeats Dewey
Know: Fala
15. What factors led to Roosevelt's victory over Dewey?
Dewey was defeated due to support from groups such as CIO and FDR's experience and achievements during the war and pre-war.
The Last Days of Hitler
Know: Battle of the Bulge, "Nuts," Elbe River, Holocaust, V-E Day
16. Describe the last six months of war in Europe.
Germany was barely surviving the onslaught and pushed back from both sides with Hitler's last effort the Battle of the Bulge a failure. Eventually they discovered the atrocities Germany committed.
Japan Dies Hard
Know: Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Kamikazes
17. Explain the meaning of the title of this section.
Japan was stubborn in its defeat and surrender and fought to the last man with resistance in the form of kamikazes and stubborn dug-ins in the islands.
The Atomic Bombs
Know: Potsdam, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hirohito
18. What was the military impact of the atomic bomb?
The military impact was a new dawn of weapons technology and a new age. The bomb was the first mass destructive bomb ever seen in the world and frightened everyone.
The Allies Triumphant
Know: George Marshall
19. "This complex conflict was the best fought war in America's history." Explain
This war had the US in a prominent role and with the greatest strength. It mobilized and revitalized America's economy and technology. The great depression was over and America took the lead in reconstruction. America had the greatest Allied force and most preparedness with extremely talented generals.
Varying Viewpoints: The Atomic Bombs: Were They Justified?
20. What questions concerning WWII have historians attempted to answer?
Was the bombing of the Japanese justified and necessary? Could the bombing have been avoided? Should intimidating the Soviets been done?